Why Fishermen Want Japan To Maintain Ban On Smoked Tuna
(By Russell Dunham, August 18th, 2006)

Mr. Russell Dunham, Group Business Director of Fiji Tuna Boat Owners Association writes regarding a recent article on atuna.com which reported about  “The push by the tuna exporters in the Philippines to end the ban on smoked tuna to Japan”. Mr. Dunham considers this of great concern to Fiji and many other Pacific Island nations. Here below his opinion on the matter.

”Smoked tuna is the practice of chemically treating tuna flesh and passing the resultant product off as fresh fish. The result is that producers of high quality, contaminant free tuna, such as Fiji, are having their hard-earned markets seriously eroded by unscrupulous and illegal processors. In addition the consumers of tuna in countries, such as Indonesia, USA and Philippines, where this fraudulent product is sold are being deceived and exposed to serious health risk.

I should point out that all CO treated tuna is banned for importation and sale in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, EU countries and Taiwan and now China.

The science behind this issue is rather straight-forward. The normal red-pink color in tuna comes from the respiratory pigments, haemoglobin and myoglobin, that are prominent in these fast swimming, highly energetic fish. Once a fish dies these pigments are progressively converted to the brown in color methaemoglobin and metmyoglobin. The natural color of the flesh is therefore a good indicator of its freshness and the way in which it has been refrigerated and handled. When these two respiratory pigments in both their fresh (oxy-haemoglobin and myoglobin) and decomposing (met-haemoglobin and myoglobin) are exposed to carbon monoxide they are permanently and non-reversibly converted to carboxy-haemoglobin and myoglobin. This non-reversibility is the reason carbon monoxide is so lethal to all red-blooded animals (normal haemoglobin in its oxy- form carries oxygen to tissues where it gives it up resulting in the met-form). It is also the primary reason why carbon monoxide treated tuna flesh stays pink regardless of its age or bacterial content. 

In fact the pink color of carbon monoxide treated tuna (tail-pipe tuna as the American scientists call it) is a different pink (commonly called plastic-pink) to the red-pink of fresh tuna and can be readily distinguished by the professional tuna buyer or scientist, but not by the unsuspecting public who rely on good governance to protect them. 

Some suppliers hide their use of carbon monoxide by claiming the fish is not specifically treated with the gas but is instead treated with “colorless smoke” (in effect this is treated with smoke from which most or all of the ingredients except carbon monoxide have been removed), others claim a “secret patented process” has been used. The one positive in the non-reversible, characteristic pink color of “tail-pipe tuna”, is that it is easy to tell definitively when carbon monoxide is the active ingredient in any treatment.

Fiji, and other Pacific Islands, rely extremely heavily on their relatively pristine environments and associated uncontaminated products to market primary produce throughout the world. Tuna products are extraordinarily important to our future development both socially and economically. Indeed our futures are inextricably linked to the sustainable exploitation of our tuna resources. These futures are currently being seriously threatened by practices that are not only illegal but whose sole objective is to deceive the public into buying a product which looks fresh but is not. This is fraud. 

The health risks associated with masking the signs the average person uses to determine if the fish is fresh are also enormous. 

We certainly support countries like Japan and the many other countries that ban the importation of this adulterated tuna.”

This is the opinion of Mr. Russell Dunham, who is Group Business Director of Fiji Tuna Boat Owners Association

Fiji Fish Marketing Group Ltd.,
PO Box 14720, Suva, FIJI
Ph: (679) 3362696
Fax: (679) 3363621

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